Showing posts with label veervithalbhai. Show all posts
Showing posts with label veervithalbhai. Show all posts

Speaker of Assembly - Vithalbhai Patel


Speaker of Assembly - Vithalbhai Patel


વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ પટેલ 

ચરોતરના કુલીન ગણાતા કરમસદ ગામનાં પાટીદાર દંપતી ઝવેરભાઈ અને લાડબાઈ પટેલને ત્યાં વિઠ્ઠલભાઈનો જન્મ ૨૭ સપ્ટેમ્બર ૧૮૭૩ના રોજ થયો. માતાની સહનશીલતા અને પિતાની નિશ્ચયવૃત્તિ તેમને વારસામાં પ્રાપ્ત થયેલા, અને એજ ગુણ તેમના નાના ભાઈ અને ભારતના લોખંડી પુરુષ સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલના જીવનમાં પણ વણાયેલ. વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ કરમસદ ગામની ધૂળી નિશાળમાં પાંચ વર્ષની ઉમરે પ્રવેશ કર્યો, આ શાળા આધુનિક સાધનોથી સજ્જ કે આલીશાન નહોતી પરંતુ મહેતા સાહેબની નિષ્ઠા આ શાળામાં હતી અને તેજ છાપ વિઠ્ઠલભાઈના કુમળા મન પર પણ પ્રભાવ પાડી રહી હતી અને તેથી જ તેઓ પોતાના કામને કર્તવ્યનિષ્ઠ અને વફાદાર રહ્યા.

ડીસ્ટ્રીક પ્લીડરની પરીક્ષા પાસ કરી વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ પટેલે પંચમહાલ જિલ્લાના ગોધરામાં વકીલાત શરૂ કરી. વિઠ્ઠલભાઈને શરૂઆતમાં ખુબજ કઠીણાઈનો સામનો કરવો પડ્યો પરંતુ પોતાની કુનેહથી અને કાયદાના ઝીણવટ ભર્યા અભ્યાસના કારણે સફળતા મળવા લાગી અને ફોજદારી વકીલ તરીકે તેઓ પ્રખ્યાત થઈ ગયા. જવાબદાર વકીલ હોવાની સાથે સાથે તેઓ નીડર પણ એટલા જ હતા.

વિઠઠલભાઈ એ જ્યારે બોરસદમાં પોતાની વકીલાત શરૂ કરી ત્યાં પણ તેમને સફળતા અને ખ્યાતી મળતા વાર ન લાગી. તેમની ગોધરાની કારકીર્દી અગાઉથી જ બોરસદમાં પ્રસરી ગયેલ આથી ફોજદારી કેસોનો જમાવડો વધવા લાગ્યો આથી તેમણે વલ્લભભાઈને પણ બોરસદ બોલાવી લીધા. તેમના અભ્યાસ અને આવડતના કારણે મુશ્કેલ જણાતા કેસો પણ પલકવારમાં જીતી જતા. આમ બન્ને ભાઈની જુગલજોડીએ સરકારી તંત્ર અને પોલીસખાતાને રાડ પડાવી દીધી. ક્યારેક તો બન્ને ભાઈઓ સામ સામે પક્ષકારોના વકીલ તરીકે ઊભા રહેતા અને તે સમયે તેઓની રજુઆત અને દલીલો સાંભળવા વકીલમંડળ ઉપરાંત જનસમૂહના કારણે કોર્ટનો રુમ ભરાઈ જતો.

એક સમયે તો સરકારને લાગ્યું કે તાલુકાનું પોલીસતંત્ર બન્ને ભાઈઓથી પરાસ્ત થયેલ છે, એમની શેહમાં દબાઈ ગયું, એટલે બોરસદની ફોજદારી કોર્ટ આણંદ ખસેડી, પણ આ સ્થળફેરની યોજના પણ કારગત ન નીવડી. બન્ને ભાઈઓ બોરસદથી આણંદ પહોચી કેસ લડી જીતી જતા. અને સરકારને પણ બોરસદથી આણંદનો ખર્ચો, ભાડા ભથ્થા, વધવા લાગ્યા એટલે વળી પાછા થાકીને આણંદથી કોર્ટ બોરસદ બદલી અને આ રીતે બન્ને ભાઈઓની વચ્ચે સરકાર પીસાતી જ રહી.

શ્રી શુક્લ નામના બોરસદના સબ-જજ જેઓ ભારે લાંચિયા અને માથાભારે હતા. તેમની ગેરરીતિઓનો તો કોઈ પાર નહી. એક રીતે બેલગામ સબ-જજ તરીકે જાણીતા હતા. એક સમયે વિઠ્ઠલભાઈના હાથમાં શ્રી શુક્લના કરતુતોના સબુત હાથ લાગ્યા અને પછી તો પુછવુ જ શું, તેમણે છડેચોક શુક્લ વિરુધ્ધ પ્રવૃત્તિ આરંભી અને મુંબઈ હાઈકોર્ટમાં અરજી કરી, રજુઆત એટલી સબળ હતી કે મુંબઈ કોર્ટે તે સ્વીકારવું જ પડ્યુ અને તપાસના આદેશો અપાયા. આશરે દસ મહીના સુધી કાર્યવાહી સુરત મુકામે ચાલી અને વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ દરેક સમયે હાજર રહી જરૂરી વિગતો અને પુરાવા રજુ કર્યા. પરિણામે શુક્લ સામે આરોપ પુરવાર થયો અને મુંબઈ કોર્ટે થોડી રહેમદીલી દાખવી ફક્ત એક વિકલ્પ શુક્લને આપ્યો કે જાતે રાજીનામું આપો નહીતો સરકાર તમને બરતરફ કરશે. આ પછીતો માથાભારે અમલદારોની અવળચંડાઈ પટેલ બેલડી રહી ત્યાં સુધી અટકી ગઈ અને તેઓ પ્રજાના માનીતા વકીલ બન્યા.

તેમની નિડરતાના તો અનેક પ્રસંગો છે. વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ પટેલ સ્પીકર પદે ચૂંટાયા પરંતુ તેમની કામગીરી ખુબ કઠણ હતી. એક તરફ સ્પીકરની સરખામણી હાઉસ ઓફ કોમન્સના સ્પીકર તરીકે થાય અને બીજી તરફ સરકાર ધારાસભાને જવાબદાર નહી. આથી ધારાસભાના સભ્યોનો મોટો ભાગ પ્રજાકીય દ્રષ્ટિબિંદુને સ્વતંત્ર રીતે રજુ કરી નહોતો શકતો. આવા સંજોગોમાં સ્પીકરપદનું ગૌરવ અને મોભો તથા તટસ્થતા જાળવવી અને સરકારથી પર રહી ઉત્તમ પાર્લામેંટરી પ્રણાલી જાણવી રાખવી તે હિંમતભર્યુ હતુ.

વિઠ્ઠલભાઈએ તો થોડા જ સમયમાં પોતાની શક્તિનો પરચો બતાવી દિધો. ધારાસભાની શરુઆત થાય એટલે સામાન્ય રીતે વાઈસરોય સભાગૃહને સંબોધન કરે અને આ સંબોધન શાહી ઠાઠ, અને દબદ્બાયુક્ત રહેતો, વાઈસરોય પોતે દરબારી પોશાકમાં પ્રવેશે અને ત્યારે પ્રમુખે પોતાની ખુરશી ખાલી કરવી પડતી અને નીચે આવી સૌ સભ્યો સાથે અલગ આસન ગ્રહણ કરવુ પડતુ. અને વાઈસરોય સ્પીકરની ખુરશી પર બિરાજમાન થઈ પોતાનું પ્રવચન આપતા. દબદબો તો એવું પુરવાર કરે કે વાઈસરોય ધારાસભાના કે ધારાસભા ગૃહના વડા હોય અને ધારાસભાના પ્રમુખે વાઈસરોયને પોતાના ઉપરી તરીકે સમજવા. સ્વતંત્ર મિજાજી, સ્વાભિમાની એવા વિઠ્ઠલભાઈથી આ સહન કરી શકાય તેમ નહોતું, અને તેમણે વાતવાતમાં વાઈસરોયને કહેવડાવી પણ દીધું કે જ્યારે વાઈસરોય પ્રવચન કરવા સભાખંડમાં પ્રવેશે ત્યારે સ્પીકર પોતાની ખુરશી નહી છોડે, અને વાઈસરોયે સ્પીકરની ચેમ્બરમાંથી જ ધારસભામાં પ્રવેશ કરવો પડશે. આ વાતે તો જાણે વિઠ્ઠલભાઈએ બોમ્બ વાઈસરોય ઉપર ફોડ્યો હોય તેમ સરકારી વર્તુળોમાં ફફડાટ પ્રવેશી ગયો. વાઈસરોયની સત્તા પરનો કાપ અને સ્પીકરનો ધારાસભા પર સંપુર્ણ સ્વીકાર, સરળતાથી ગળે ઉતરે તેમ નહોતો તેમ છતાં વિઠ્ઠલભાઈના સ્વભાવથી પરીચિત તેમને પડકારવા તૈયાર નહોતા. નોકરશાહીએ વિઠ્ઠલભાઈને મનાવવા ખેડા જિલ્લાના એક માજી કલેક્ટર અને તત્કાલીન સરકારના મધ્યસ્થી એવા એક ઉચ્ચ અધિકારીને વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ પાસે મોકલ્યા અને તેમણે વિનંતી કરી કે વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ આટલો વખત આ આગ્રહ છોડી દો અને હંમેશ માફક લશ્કરી દબદબા સાથે વાઈસરોયની સવારીનો કાર્યક્રમ હેમખેમ પતાવી દેવો. અને આ કાર્યક્રમ પછી વાઈસરોય પોતે આ પધ્ધતિમાં વિઠ્ઠલભાઈની મરજી મુજબ વ્યાજબી ફેરફાર કરશે તથા વિઠ્ઠલભાઈને ફરીયાદ રહેશે નહી. પરંતુ વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ આવી નોકરશાહી ટાળટપ્પા નિતિથી પરિચિત હતા અને તેઓ પોતે આવી તક જવા દેવા રાજી નહોતા. માજી કલેક્ટરે ખુબ વિનંતિ કરી પરંતુ વિઠ્ઠલભાઈ એક્ના બે ન થયા અને પરિણામે વાઈસરોયે સ્પીકરની ચેમ્બરમાં થઈ ધારાસભામાં પ્રવેશ કોઈ પણ ઠાઠ, દબદ્બા વગર કરવો પડ્યો. વિઠ્ઠલભાઈએ પોતાના પદની ગરિમા અને સ્પીકરના પદને શોભાવે તેવુ કાર્ય નિડરતાથી કર્યુ.

આવા વિઠ્ઠલભાઈનો આજે ૨૭ સપ્ટેમ્બર ૨૦૧૯ના રોજ જન્મદિવસ છે. ગર્વ છે આવા નિડર ભારતીય ઉપર.

GREATEST POLITICAL LEADER

Mr. V. J. Patel said they had met there under the shadow of a great calamity. Deshbandhu Das, the greatest political leader of India, had gone. He was the Mayor of Calcutta under the new municipal Constitution and he sacrificed his all in the cause of his country. He was a great soul and it was with a heavy heart that he (Mr. Patel) rose to move the resolution asking the Corporation to adjourn the meeting.

Mr. Patel then moved:



  1. That the Corporation place on record their sense of the heavy loss sustained by the country in the sad and untimely death on the 16th June 1~25 of Deshbandhu Chitta Ranjan Das Mayor of the Calcutta Corporation, whose ardent patriotism, deep and abiding love for the Motherland, selfless devotion to her cause and noble self-sacrifice in her service won for him the esteem and admiration of his countrymen who regard his death at the present Juncture as a national calamity.
  2. That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the Corporation of Calcutta and to the family of the deceased, with an expression of the Corporation's sympathy in their sad bereavement.
  3. That as a mark of respect to the memory of the deceased the Corporation do adjourn Without proceeding to the transaction of business.

Continuing he said It was impossible for him to express in words his feelings on this occasion and he would content himself merely with moving the resolution.



Indian Opinion : JULY 24 1925

TODAY THAT DAY : 10 NOVEMBER 1950

READS REACH LHASA


Peiping Radio Report

STAFF CORRESPONDENT AND A.A.P.

London, Nov, 9 - Peiping Radio, in a broadcast in Tibetan last night, said that the "People's Army" had entered the Tibetan Capital of Lhasa.

In Lhasa itself an interim regime led by a senior monk Minister. Sawong Lama has replaced the Cabinet of the former Regent Takta Rimpoche.

Partial to the Communists, the new regime is considering Peiping proposals regarding Tibet according to reports.

The proposal provide that : -

  • China would not interfere in the internal administration of Tibet but would be responsible for its defense, external affairs, and communications.

  • China would station a token force in Lhasa and appoint military advisers to reorganise the Tibetan forces;

  • China would not interfere with the Dalai Lama and the Patchen Lama.

The interim regime has ordered the Tibetan troops to offer no resistance to the invading forces.

Meanwhile, in Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh-formerly the United Provinces-security measures have been taken along the two State's borders with Tibet.

NON-RECOGNITION

The Indian Deputy Prime Minister Mr. Sardar Patel, said in New Delhi to-day that India could not recognise the new three year-old King of Nepal.

The boy was proclaimed King on Tuesday after his grandfather, the King of Nepal, took refuge in the Indian Embassy in Katmandu capital of Nepal.

Addressing a public meeting Mr. Patel called on the Indian people to unite and strengthen themselves in the face of "new dangers or fear of dangers" arising from the trouble in Tibet and Nepal.

He said that the internal feud in Nepal had laid wide open India's frontiers in the north to outside danger.

Architect of Swaraj - 3

Architect of Swaraj


It was decided at the session to start civil disobedience movement on a mass scale and it was left to Gandhi to decide when and where the campaign should be launched. At the instance of Vallabhbhai, Gandhi selected Bardoli, for he felt that people of Bardoli were gentle and mild and would not resort to violence when provoked. He along with Vallabhbhai traveled over the entire district of Bardoli to educate them. They had to rouse the people's enthusiasm and yet keep their passions from breaking into violence. Their utterances electrified the people. The people responded enthusiastically. But only a few days after, Gandhi learnt about the outbreak of violence of Chauri Chaura. The police had opened fire on a peaceful procession without any provocation and the mob retaliated by setting fire to the police station and burning to death 21 constables and one young son of a sub-inspector of police. Learning this Gandhi immediately called off civil disobedience for he felt that the nation was not yet ready for non-violent non-cooperation. Many leaders including C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru and Lala -Lajpatrai resented the suspension of the movement when it was at its peak. They called it Gandhi's greatest blunder and protested vehemently against "the ignominious and ill-turned retreat". Patel however felt that Gandhi was right in suspending civil disobedience. He told the people not to question their leader but to follow him. To quote him, "During the struggle do what Gandhiji commands us, if he asks us to rise we shall rise, if he asks us to retreat we shall do so."

Next Borsad claimed the attention of Vallabhbhai, it was his Taluka and it appealed to him for help. This Taluka was infested with dacoits and robbers. Naturally this was going on with the connivance of the police. But the police attributed it to the indifference and cowardliness of the people who did not co-­operate with the police. To set matters right a special force was posted in the Taluka and the people were asked to pay Rs. 240,000 a year which worked out at Rs. 2 and Annas / per person above the age of 16. People resented this punitive tax.

Vallabhbhai himself went to Borsad and found that the superintendent of police was himself involved. He had issued a confidential circular to all the sub-inspectors and head constables "requiring them to turn a blind eye to dacoits and offences committed by Ali, as he had undertaken to assist in the arrest of Barber Deva." The police had even supplied weapons to Ali with which he had committed many murders and dacoities. Vallabhbhai exhorted the people not to pay this punitive tax and at the same time to remain non-violent against all provocations.

The people of Borsad stood firm. The police reacted with vengeance and attached property. This went on for five weeks when Sir Leslie Wilson was appointed Governor of Bombay. He happened to see in a newspaper a report of Vallabhbhai's speech in which he had quoted that confidential letter. He deputed the Home Member to visit the place and find out the facts. The Home Member confirmed that Vallabhbhai's allegations were correct. Thereupon the punitive tax was abolished, extra cost of extra police was to be borne by the Government. Vallabhbhai thanked the Governor of Bombay for this gesture. Gandhi complimented Vallabhbhai by conferring on him the title of "King of Borsad".

From Borsad Bardoli got the attention of Sardar Patel. In Bardoli he addressed a conference which was attended by peasants from nearly 80 villages. He told them that as to the justice of their case he had not the slightest doubt, but he was not sure of their strength. He added, "I shall stand by the side of anyone who is prepared to take risks."

On 6th February Patel addressed a letter to the Governor of Bombay requesting him to order a fresh inquiry as the increase was unjust and arbitrary, and to postpone the recovery of the revised land revenue. He received a curt reply saying that his letter had been sent to the Revenue Department for Disposal. Now the battle had begun. Vallabhbhai devoted all his time and energy to organizing, uniting and rousing the people. He went from village to village. He ate delivered numerous speeches everyday. He organized a publicity department which would issue, and distribute free, his speeches in pamphlets and also a daily news bulletin.

The Government fired their first shot on 15th February by serving notices on 50 Banias to pay the revised land revenue within 10 days. Banias were considered to be weak and mild people and the Government were hopeful that they would yield. But out of the fifty only two paid. When the people learnt of it they were annoyed with the two "black sheep" and wanted to boycott them. But Vallabhbhai told them to remain calm.

Patel moved from village to village and thousands listened to his speeches with devotion. He invited the women of Bardoli also to join the struggle, "for the burnt will have to be borne by them".

When the Government realized that the imposition of fines had no effect on the people it started confiscation of land. Here are some examples; land worth Rs. 40,000 was attached to recover a tax of Rs. 700. In another instance, 33 acres of land worth Rs. 15,000 was confiscated and sold to another buyer for Rs. 161. Again, land worth Rs. 30, 000 was sold for Rs. 115. But still the people remained unperturbed. To crush them the Government resorted to a new expedient of attaching the cattle of the peasantry.

Patel than appealed to Patels and Talatis to resign. At his call 69 out of the 90 Patels and 11 out of 35 Talatis resigned. It was at this time that Vallabhbhai came to be known as the "SARDAR" of the peasants. The appellation stuck to his name for all his life.

When the Government's repressive measures proved to be ineffective then sanity dawned on them. They were frightened that if the Bardoli Satyagraha spread to other parts of India that would be the end of British rule. So they decided to compromise. The government acceded to all the demands of Sardar Patel. The independent inquiry after a thorough investigation recommended an increase of 5.7% as against 22% originally fixed. Thus ended this glorious struggle. The Bardoli struggle was significant from many points of view. It demonstrated to all the world that truth and non-violence cannot be crushed. It compelled the mighty Government, pledged to crush, to yield within a fortnight of the pledge. It was a viceroy for both the Satyagrahis and the Government and that is why both Gandhi and Vallabhbhai congratulated the people as well as the Governor.

Secondly, the Bardoli Satyagraha was a landmark in the history of our freedom movement. It gave a new meaning and significance to the history of Satyagraha in India and paved the way for the future bigger struggle. Thirdly, it projected the personality of Sardar Patel and proved his organizing capacity and ability to lead people.

In March, 1929 Sardar was invited to preside over the fifth Kathiawad Political Conference. He did some plain-speaking by telling the people to speak less and work more.

A couple of months later he was invited to preside at the Maharashtra Political Conference.

TO BE CONTINUE…..

Courtesy : ARCHITECT OF SWARAJ
Page – 80-82

NEHRU’S VISIT TO KASHMIR – 16th June 1946

NEHRU’S VISIT TO KASHMIR – 16th June 1946

Dear Friend

I have received your letter of the 8th inst. You have given much of the past history of Kashmir, which has been very useful in understanding the background of the present whole unfortunate episode. I have done my best to set matters right. You must have seen that Panditji has himself frankly withdrawn some of the misstatements that were made by him on false information being supplied to him. The resolution passed by the All-India States Peoples' Conference under his presidentship has also been such as would remove tension, clear the atmosphere and bring about an honorable settlement. I realise the difficulties and hardships of a small community like yours in Kashmir. The question of minorities in India has become complicated and the Hindu Muslim question particularly requires careful as well as tactful handling. Political agitation should, as far as possible, be kept apart from Communal questions. The two should not be mixed up. How far Sheikh Abdullah has erred in his present movement and whether the error, if any, was bonafide or not, requires investigation. The excesses committed by the military and police under orders of the State, if any, may also require investigation. Such post-mortem examination of political upheavals or communal troubles are not always safe. I understand that Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru is himself coming there as a messenger of peace to bring about honourable settlement of this vexed question. After all, he is also a Hindu and that a Kashmiri Hindu, and he is one of our foremost patriots and one of the greatest leaders of modern India. He is, as all human beings are, liable to err. But all his actions are governed by considerations of highest patriotism. Therefore you need not be afraid of him or his actions, Let us hope this unfortunate trouble in Kashmir will end soon and it will leave no bitterness behind. ­

Yours sincerely,

Vallabhbhai Patel


** Courtesy Sardar Patel’s Correspondence 1945-50 Page 2-3

Governing Despite Muslim Opposition


Governing Despite Muslim Opposition (Left, Centre) PANDIT NEHRU WITH SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL, THE NEW HOME SECRETARY.



The new All Indian Cabinet which took office on September 2 has been violently opposed by members of the Muslim League, Recently Mr. Jinnah, their leader, visited the Viceroy to discuss the points at issue, and this was preceded by a meeting between the Viceroy and Mahatma Gandhi, the spiritual leader of the Congress Party. In spite of these difficulties, the All Indian Government has begun functioning and faces its task with determination.

सरदार पटेल अपने बडे भाइके अंतिम दशॅन नही कर सके थे। Sardar Patel

सरदार पटेल अपने बडे भाइके अंतिम दशॅन नही कर सके थे।



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