Sardar Patel as lawyer - G V Mavalankar

G V Mavalankar writes about Sardar Patel as a lawyer:

His conduct of his cases always exhibited thorough mastery of facts, a proper and correct estimate of the opponent’s case and line of attack and his carefully planned defence and attack. But the one great quality which struck everybody and made him the object of admiration was his fearlessness and the bluntness with which he would deal with the court in which he was appearing. He would never allow the judge to outstep, even in the least, the limits of courtesy nor would he allow or tolerate any unfair, unjust or improper leaning on the part of the court in favour of the police or the prosecution. It is difficult, at this day, for people to realise what this meant in 1913-14, when people and the bar carried notions different from now about respect and courtesy for authority. These notions of courtesy and respect almost savoured of flattery and servility. Vallabhbhai was far above this and never minced matters, for fear of losing practice before a particular judge, if he happened to criticise or expose the idiosyncrasies of a judge. He was thus a great protector of the self-respect as well as the convenience of the bar and the public

I need not multiply instances of Vallabhbhai’s courage and fearlessness in the course of his legal practice. It is this quality and the training he had in the legal profession that is, to my mind, the basis of his success in later political life.

જી. વી. માવળંકર સરદાર પટેલ વિશે લખે છે :

તેમના કેસોના તેમના આચરણમાં હંમેશાં હકીકતો પર સંપૂર્ણ પ્રભુત્વ, વિરોધીના કેસ અને હુમલાની લાઇન અને તેના કાળજીપૂર્વક આયોજિત સંરક્ષણ અને હુમલાનો યોગ્ય અને સાચો અંદાજ દર્શાવવામાં આવ્યો હતો. પરંતુ એક મહાન ગુણ જે દરેકને સ્પર્શી ગયો અને તેને પ્રશંસાનો વિષય બનાવ્યો તે તેની નિર્ભયતા અને તે જે અદાલતમાં હાજર થઈ રહ્યો હતો તેની સાથે તે જે નિખાલસતાથી વ્યવહાર કરશે તે હતી. તે ક્યારેય પણ ન્યાયાધીશને સૌજન્યની મર્યાદાથી આગળ વધવા દેશે નહીં અથવા પોલીસ અથવા ફરિયાદીની તરફેણમાં કોર્ટના પક્ષે કોઈ પણ અન્યાયી, અન્યાયી અથવા અયોગ્ય વલણને મંજૂરી આપશે નહીં અથવા સહન કરશે નહીં. ૧૯૧૩-૧૪માં જ્યારે લોકો અને બાર સત્તા માટે આદર અને સૌજન્ય વિશે અત્યારથી જુદા જુદા ખ્યાલો ધરાવતા હતા ત્યારે આનો અર્થ શું થાય છે તે સમજવું આ દિવસે લોકો માટે મુશ્કેલ છે. સૌજન્ય અને આદરની આ કલ્પનાઓ લગભગ ખુશામત અને ગુલામીનો સ્વાદ લે છે. વલ્લભભાઈ આનાથી ઘણા ઉપર હતા અને જો તેઓ કોઈ ન્યાયાધીશની મૂર્ખતાઓની ટીકા કરે અથવા ઉજાગર કરે તો કોઈ ચોક્કસ ન્યાયાધીશ સમક્ષ પ્રેક્ટિસ ગુમાવી દેવાના ડરથી, તેઓ ક્યારેય બાબતોને ધ્યાનમાં લેતા ન હતા. આમ તે સ્વાભિમાન તેમજ બાર અને જનતાની સગવડતાના મહાન રક્ષક હતા

વલ્લભભાઈની હિંમત અને નીડરતાના દાખલાઓને તેમની કાનૂની પ્રેક્ટિસ દરમિયાન મારે ગુણાકાર કરવાની જરૂર નથી. આ ગુણ અને કાનૂની વ્યવસાયમાં તેમને મળેલી તાલીમ જ છે, જે મારા મતે, પછીના રાજકીય જીવનમાં તેમની સફળતા નો પાયો છે.

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Vallabhbhai Criticizes Government for illegal Occupation of Premises to Run Schools

Vallabhbhai Criticizes Government for illegal Occupation of Premises to Run Schools

Navjivan, 13 March 1921

 On the 8th March 1921, the Collector issued a notice to the Municipality for the vacation of these premises. The Municipality claimed its rights over them and refused to oblige. The Collector used the police in disregard of the law and the locks of the schools were broken and the premises occupied by them. Sardar Patel told the representative of Navjivan in an interview quoted here:

The Government has occupied forcibly three of the premises. None of them, according to my information, is owned by the Government. One was built by the Infanticide Fund, the second with the financial help of the people and, as to the third, there is a dispute about its ownership. None of the conditions of the lease have been violated by the Municipality. Even if one was to concede that the Government had any rights over the premises, its action in using the armed police to occupy them is akin to the dacoits' who send threatening letters to people and extort money from them. Even a lessee who has a yearly lease on a house is entitled to a month's notice for vacation. Now these premises had been made over to the Municipality thirty-five years ago and the Government wanted to take possession within 12 hours. The President of the Municipality was not allowed to consult the body. There cannot be any doubt about the illegitimacy of the Government's action. But I am not surprised at the action of the Government. It hardly does anything these days which is legitimate.

The Government should have approached the civil courts for taking possession of these premises, but it chose to use force leaving the Municipality no alternative but to bow before its orders. Having accepted the principle of non-cooperation, the Municipality was not in a position to approach the courts for a stay order. The only purpose the Government had in mind while forcibly occupying these premises was to harm the non-cooperation movement. But it is clear that if the people of Nadiad do not send their children to schools which the Government wants to open in these premises, it would not gain by such possession.

Ref: The Collected Works of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – P N CHOPRA – Vol. 1

વલ્લભભાઈએ સરકાર દ્વારા શાળાઓ પર કરાયેલ ગેરકાયદેસર કબ્જા માટે ટીકા કરી.

નવજીવન ૧૩-૦૩-૨૦૨૧

૮મી માર્ચ ૧૯૨૧ના રોજ, કલેક્ટરએ આ સ્થળને ખાલી કરવા માટે મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીને નોટિસ આપી. તેના જવાબમાં  મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીએ તેના અધિકારોનો દાવો કર્યો. કલેક્ટરએ કાયદાની અવગણના કરવા ના કારણે પોલીસનો ઉપયોગ કર્યો હતો અને શાળાઓના તાળાઓ તોડી અને તેમના દ્વારા કબજો મેળવ્યો હતો. સરદાર પટેલે નવજીવનના પ્રતિનિધિને મુલાકાત સમયે કહ્યું:

સરકારે બળજબરીથી ત્રણ સ્થળે કબજો લીધો છે. મારી માહિતી અનુસાર, તેમાંના કોઈ પણ મિલ્કત સરકારની માલિકીની નથી. એક ઇન્ફન્ટિકાઇડ ફંડ દ્વારા બનાવવામાં આવ્યું હતું, બીજા સ્થાન લોકોની નાણાકીય સહાયથી અને ત્રીજા સ્થાને, તેની માલિકી વિશે વિવાદ છે. મ્યુનિસિપાલિટી દ્વારા લીઝની કોઈ પણ શરતોનું ઉલ્લંઘન કરવામાં આવ્યું નથી. જો કોઈ વ્યક્તિને આ સ્થળે કોઈ અધિકારોનો અધિકાર હોય તો પણ, સશસ્ત્ર પોલીસનો ઉપયોગ કરવા માટે તેની ક્રિયા તેમને કબજે કરવા માટે, તેઓ લોકોને ધમકી ભરેલ પત્રો મોકલે છે અને તેમની પાસેથી ધમકાવીને પૈસા પડાવે છે. જે ઘર વાર્ષિક ભાડાપટ્ટે ધરાવતો હોય તે પણ માટે એક મહિનાની નોટિસ માટે હકદાર છે. હવે આ સ્થળે મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીમાં પાંત્રીસ વર્ષ પહેલાં બનાવવામાં આવી હતી અને સરકાર 12 કલાકની અંદર કબજો લેવા માંગતો હતો. મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીના પ્રમુખને સભ્યોની સલાહ લેવાની મંજૂરી આપવામાં પણ આવી ન હતી. સરકારની આ પ્રક્રિયાની ગેરકાયદેસરતા વિશે કોઈ શંકા નથી. અને સરકારની પ્રક્રિયામાં મને આશ્ચર્ય પણ થયું નથી. સરકાર આ દિવસોમાં ભાગ્યે જ કામ કરે છે જે કાયદેસર છે.

સરકારે આ સ્થળની કબજો લેવા માટે અદાલતોનો સંપર્ક કરવો જોઈએ, પરંતુ તે મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીને તેના ઓર્ડર પહેલાં બળનો ઉપયોગ કરવાનું પસંદ કરે છે. મ્યુનિસિપાલિટીએ અસહકારના સિધ્ધાંતને સ્વીકારેલ અને તે અદાલતોને સંપર્ક કરી કરવાની સ્થિતિમાં નહોતી. આદેશ માટે અદાલતોમાં સંપર્ક કરવાની સ્થિતિમાં પણ નહોતી. આ સ્થળને બળજબરીથી કબજે કરતી વખતે સરકારને ધ્યાનમાં રાખીને એકમાત્ર હેતુ અસહકાર ચળવળને નુકસાન પહોંચાડવાનો હતો. પરંતુ તે સ્પષ્ટ છે કે નડિયાદના લોકો તેમના બાળકોને સરકાર દ્વારા આ સ્થળોએ શાળાઓ ખોલવા માંગે છે તેમાં મોકલતા નથી, તો તે આવા કબજામાં વધારો કરશે નહીં.

સંદર્ભ : ધ કલેક્ટેડ વર્ક્સ ઓફ સરદાર વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ – પી. એન. ચોપરા - ભાગ – ૧

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Mahatma reported Sardar Patel : Like an Arab Horse!

Mahatma reported Sardar Patel : Like an Arab Horse!

Sardar Patel completely identified himself with Gandhiji by taking to his ways. Even when he happened to be very fond of tea, he gave it up much to the surprise of Mahadev Desai, whom he told:

How could I take tea here with Bapu? I have made up my mind to eat what he eats: have given up rice, decided to eat boiled spinach and take milk and bread twice a day.

And the Sardar’s day would begin with Gandhiji at a quarter to four every morning with prayers, when Bapu would make poor Vallabhbhai say Sanskrit Shlokas! His knowledge of the language being practically nil, his pronunciation could not but often be atrocious. That did not deter the Sardar. At 57 he started learning Sanskrit, of which the Mahatma reported:

Vallabhbhai is racing like an Arab Horse! The Sanskrit book seldom leaves his hands. Never could I have entertained such a hope from him!

Every Sunday, Gandhiji used to receive his mail from the ashram. The Sardar had named it “Homeward Mail Day.” It was assigned to him by Bapu to make envelopes from brown wrappers. And Gandhiji could not help admiring Vallabhbhai’s skill at cutting them to the right size straight with a pair of scissors without first marking any outlines. One day a number of issues of a journal, Knowledge, came printed on a large sheet of paper. The Sardar cut them and sewed them into a book, and told Bapu:

It may be worth reading! But what shall we do when our knowledge increases?

And, referring to the one entitled “Don’t Burn a Light”, he made everyone laugh with his remark: “Yes, this must have been written under a lamp light!”

Sardar Patel possessed such humour from his school days at Nadiad in Gujarat, or may be even earlier. Once one of his teachers stood for the municipal elections. His wealthy opponent unwisely declare that if he were defeated, he would get his moustache shaved off! In sheer fun Vallabhbhai accepted the challenge, determined to save his poor teacher’s honour and prestige. Though himself a schoolboy, he put his friends on the job and helped his teacher win. And he did not lose the opportunity of leading a procession of some 50 boys-and a barber too! To the defeated candidate’s house to demand of him “to carry out his part of bargain”

Even when his firmness reflected a different characteristic of his, Sardar Patel’s humbleness and magnanimity are confirmed by his close associates. He never stood on personal prestige. There are numerous instances of his willingness to apologise if he was in the wrong. Far from rendering him weak and ineffective, such a quality rather build his strength by earning for him the abiding loyalty of his co-workers. On his part, he put implicit faith in them, would bear with them in both fair and foul weather, and even look after them, and their families too, as if like a father, when at his command they courted imprisonment.

In 1927 when Gujarat had terrible floods, Vallabhbhai’s volunteers carried out his orders at considerable risk to their life, when some of them swam across deep water to reach marooned villages with essential supplies. His “alertness and organising ability” won praise from official quarters. Gandhiji wrote:

Vallabhbhai is a seasoned soldier and he has no other occupation than that of service. He has got an efficient agency of workers under him.

Even the Viceroy acknowledge:

From what I have seen and heard I am satisfied that, if the volunteers of the Gujarat Provincial Congress committee had not arrived in the flood- affected areas in time, the loss of life, instead of being negligible, would have been very heavy…

The Government wanted to confer titles on Vallabhbhai and his colleagues, which he politely refused by saying”

Their delight is in doing service to the people, and they are not anxious for publicity or fame.

Sardar Shatabdi Smarak Granth : Jashwant Shekhadivala - Speech Balraj Krishna 

A Born Campaigner - Sardar Patel - Vallabhbhai Patel

A Born Campaigner - Sardar Patel - Vallabhbhai Patel

When Vallabhbhai Patel (Sardar Patel) was a student in high school one of his teachers put up himself as a candidate in the Municipal election. The opposing candidate was a wealthy and influential person and was pretty sure of his success. He even remarked boastingly that if he would lose in the election, he would get his mustache shaved! On behalf of the teacher, Vallabhbhai took up challenge with the man. Vallabhbhai worked with such resolute will and steadfastness that his teacher scored a resounding victory over his opponent. So Vallabhbhai with a group of 50 students and a barber accompanying them went to the house of the vanquished hero and asked him to perform his part of the business!

જ્યારે વલ્લભભાઇ પટેલ (સરદાર પટેલ) હાઇસ્કૂલનો વિદ્યાર્થી હતા, ત્યારે તેમના એક શિક્ષકે મ્યુનિસિપલની ચૂંટણીમાં ઉમેદવાર તરીકે પોતાને બેસાડ્યા હતા. વિરોધી ઉમેદવાર એક શ્રીમંત અને પ્રભાવશાળી વ્યક્તિ હતો અને તેને તેની સફળતાની ખાતરી હતી. તેમણે તોફાની સાથે ટીકા પણ કરી હતી કે જો તે ચૂંટણીમાં હારી જશે તો તેની મૂછો મુંડવામાં આવશે! શિક્ષક વતી વલ્લભભાઇએ તે વ્યક્તિ સાથે પડકાર લીધો હતો. વલ્લભભાઈએ એવી નિશ્ચયી ઇચ્છાશક્તિ અને અડગતાથી કામ કર્યું કે તેમના શિક્ષકે તેમના વિરોધી સામે પ્રચંડ વિજય મેળવ્યો. તેથી વલ્લભભાઇ ૫૦ વિદ્યાર્થીઓના એક જૂથ અને તેમની સાથે એક વાળંદ સાથે જીત મેળવેલ વીરના ઘરે ગયા અને તેમને પોતાનો ધંધાનો ભાગ કરવા કહ્યું!

THIS WAS SARDAR - G M NANDURKAR - KU. MANIBEN PATEL

Vallabhbhai Happy over Preparedness of People of Bardoli Taluka for Civil Disobedience

Vallabhbhai Happy over Preparedness of People of Bardoli Taluka for Civil Disobedience

Bombay Chronicle – 22^nd November 1921

This inhabitants of the Bardoli Taluka hold themselves in readiness for the forthcoming campaign of civil disobedience, and as an earnest of their grim determination a procession was organised at Khojpardi on November 11^th when the depressed classes mixed freely with other sections of inhabitants resolutely casting out all antiquated notions about untouchability. At Poida, too, at a meeting held two days previously, the inhabitants vowed to wear Khadi for all time and signified their willingness to practise civil disobedience and to refuse to pay taxes. The Leooa(Leva) Patidars of Badthal have adjured pugrees till the attainment of Swaraj and decided to use Khadi in marriages and funerals. In order to make assurance doubly sure, Mr. Vallabhbhai J. Patel,Barrister-at-Law, accompanied by Principal Gidwani of the Gujarat National University, Dr. Kanuga and Mr. Luxmidas Purshottam paid a visit to Bardoli on November 11^th and addressed at Surat an audience of six thousand men and women on their return from the place with Mr. Syed Ahmed Edroos.

Mr. Vallabhbhai remarked on the threefold object of convening the present meeting, namely, to deliberate how to achieve Swaraj by the end of December in accordance with the Congress resolution, to decide on their course of conduct in respect of the Prince’s arrival on November 17^th, and to devise means how best to help the Surat Municipal Board in the new situation that has arisen as a result of the Government Resolution inciting the rate-payers against the Municipality. They have deliberately excluded big cities, for Swaraj for the obvious reason that with their exquisitely laid out gardens, pestiferous gutters were inextricably bound up, and it was a matter of deep regret that Surat had not yet altogether emancipated itself from the seductive amenities of material civilisation. Swadeshi was the soul of Swaraj, and they could hope to unfurl the Swaraj Flag only if they made a clean sweep of the antediluvian concept of untouchability. His visit to Bardoli convinced him of its “thorough-preparedness” although he would defer his verdict about Surat till the decision of the ensuing meeting of the Executive Council of the Congress to be held at Surat on November 22^nd, was known.

NO ILL-WILL TOWARDS THE PRINCE

Proceeding, Mr. Patel observed that they bore no ill-will to the prince and if they resolved on observing a complete “hartal” on the day of his arrival in India, it was mainly because they protested against the way in which the visit was sought to be exploited. They were not in any way affected by what the toadies and Rao Bahadurs said or did. Regarding the step taken by the Government in respect of the non-cooperating Municipalities of Nadiad, Ahmedabad and Surat, they might rest assured of the dismal failure of it all provided their determination was unshaken at all hazards, and they refused to be hoodwinked by the attempt made to sow dissensions between the Municipalities and the rate-prayers. He was quite at a loss to understand why the Government trembled to translate the threat of suspending the Municipalities concerned into act.

Speech – 18^th November at Surat

The Collected Works of Sardar Patel

સરદાર પટેલને શા માટે લાગ્યુ કે સ્વરાજની ચળવળ વ્યર્થ છે- Swarajya Meaningless - Sardar Patel

સરદાર પટેલને શા માટે લાગ્યુ કે સ્વરાજની ચળવળ વ્યર્થ છે- Swarajya Meaningless - Sardar Patel

Vallabhbhai feels Swarajya Meaningless if People continue Wearing Foreign Cloth - Stray Bulletin - 31 December 1923

If india secures Swarajya and if, at the time, Indians are seen wearing foreign cloth, that Swarajya will be like dust; under such Swarajya the poor people will be suffering oppression like that of the present day. Mahatma Gandhi has imagined Swarajya in a different way. In this idea of Swarajya, the poor will enjoy happiness and peace.

સરદાર પટેલને લાગ્યું કે સ્વરાજની ચળવળ વ્યર્થ છે જો ભારતીયો વિદેશી કપડાઓ પહેરતા રહેશે તો!!

 

જો ભારત સ્વરાજ્યને સુરક્ષિત રાખે છે અને, તે સમયે, ભારતીયો વિદેશી કપડા પહેરેલા જોવા મળે છે, કે સ્વરાજ ધૂળ જેવું હશે; આવા સ્વરાજ્ય હેઠળ ગરીબ લોકો આજકાલની જેમ જુલમ ભોગવશે. મહાત્મા ગાંધીએ સ્વરાજ્યની કલ્પના જુદી રીતે કરી છે. સ્વરાજ્યના આ વિચારમાં ગરીબો સુખ-શાંતિનો આનંદ માણશે.